<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-night-mode-disabled vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="en" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Maputo Protocol</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maputo_Protocol"> <link href="./mw/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/user.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Maputo_Protocol rootpage-Maputo_Protocol skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">
<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Maputo Protocol</span></span>
</h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1295905060">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Maputo Protocol</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above description" style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ededed">Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div>
<table class="col-begin" role="presentation">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="col-break col-break-2">
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00AA00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact; forced-color-adjust:none;"> </span> Signed and ratified</div>
<div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact; forced-color-adjust:none;"> </span> Acceded or succeeded</div>
<div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EEEE00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact; forced-color-adjust:none;"> </span> Only signed</div>
<div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF1111; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact; forced-color-adjust:none;"> </span> Not signed</div>
<div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact; forced-color-adjust:none;"> </span> Territories of non-AU states<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>
<p>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="International_human_rights_instruments" title="International human rights instruments">Human rights instrument</a> (women)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Drafted</th><td class="infobox-data">March 1995 (Lome, Togo)<sup id="cite_ref-PANA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PANA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">11 July 2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>, <a href="Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data">25 November 2005</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Ratification" title="Ratification">Ratification</a> by 15 nations of the <a href="African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signatories</th><td class="infobox-data attendee plainlist">49</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">44</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depositary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">African Union Commission</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">English, French</td></tr></tbody></table>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1202158006">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-heading{background:#aaddff;color:#000}.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-above{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-below{padding:0.4em;border-top:1px #aaa solid;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist law-sidebar"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
Murder</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="Bride_burning" title="Bride burning">Bride burning</a></li>
<li><a href="Dowry_death" title="Dowry death">Dowry death</a></li>
<li><a href="Honor_killing" title="Honor killing">Honor killing</a></li>
<li><a href="Femicide" title="Femicide">Femicide</a></li>
<li><a href="Female_infanticide" title="Female infanticide">Infanticide</a></li>
<li><a href="Matricide" title="Matricide">Matricide</a></li>
<li><a href="Murder_of_pregnant_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder of pregnant women">Pregnant women</a></li>
<li><a href="Sati_(practice)" title="Sati (practice)">Sati</a></li>
<li><a href="Sororicide" title="Sororicide">Sororicide</a></li>
<li><a href="Uxoricide" title="Uxoricide">Uxoricide</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
Sexual assault and rape</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="Causes_of_sexual_violence" title="Causes of sexual violence">Causes of sexual violence</a></li>
<li><a href="Sexual_cleansing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual cleansing">Child sexual initiation</a></li>
<li><a href="Sexual_violence_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual violence statistics">Sexual violence statistics</a></li>
<li><a href="Forced_prostitution" title="Forced prostitution">Forced prostitution</a>
<ul><li><a href="Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li>
<li><a href="Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">Human trafficking</a></li>
<li><a href="Ritual_servitude" title="Ritual servitude">Fetish slaves</a></li>
<li><a href="Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li>
<li><a href="Violence_against_prostitutes" title="Violence against prostitutes">Violence against prostitutes</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Post-assault_treatment_of_victims_of_sexual_assault" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-assault treatment of victims of sexual assault">Post-assault treatment of victims of sexual assault</a></li>
<li><a href="Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a>
<ul><li><a href="Acquaintance_rape" title="Acquaintance rape">Acquaintance</a></li>
<li><a href="Rape_by_deception" title="Rape by deception">By Deception</a></li>
<li><a href="Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective</a></li>
<li><a href="Date_rape" title="Date rape">Date</a></li>
<li><a href="Effects_and_aftermath_of_rape" title="Effects and aftermath of rape">Effects</a></li>
<li><a href="Factors_associated_with_being_a_victim_of_sexual_violence" title="Factors associated with being a victim of sexual violence">Factors</a></li>
<li><a href="Gang_rape" title="Gang rape">Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="Genocidal_rape" title="Genocidal rape">Genocidal</a></li>
<li><a href="History_of_rape" title="History of rape">History</a></li>
<li><a href="Laws_regarding_rape" title="Laws regarding rape">Laws</a></li>
<li><a href="Marital_rape" title="Marital rape">Marital</a></li>
<li><a href="Pregnancy_from_rape" title="Pregnancy from rape">Pregnancy</a></li>
<li><a href="Initiatives_to_prevent_sexual_violence" title="Initiatives to prevent sexual violence">Prevention</a></li>
<li><a href="Prison_rape" title="Prison rape">Prison</a></li>
<li><a href="Rape_statistics" title="Rape statistics">Statistics</a></li>
<li><a href="Statutory_rape" title="Statutory rape">Statutory</a></li>
<li><a href="Rape_threat" title="Rape threat">Threat</a></li>
<li><a href="Unacknowledged_rape" title="Unacknowledged rape">Unacknowledged</a></li>
<li><a href="Wartime_sexual_violence" title="Wartime sexual violence">Wartime</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">Sexual assault</a>
<ul><li><a href="Campus_sexual_assault" title="Campus sexual assault">Campus</a></li>
<li><a href="Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">Child</a></li>
<li><a href="Sexual_harassment_in_the_military" title="Sexual harassment in the military">In Service</a></li>
<li><a href="Mass_sexual_assault" title="Mass sexual assault">Mass</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Secondary_victimisation" title="Secondary victimisation">Secondary victimisation</a></li>
<li><a href="Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">Sexual violence</a></li>
<li><a href="Virgin_cleansing_myth" title="Virgin cleansing myth">Virgin cleansing myth</a></li>
<li><a href="Sexual_cleansing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual cleansing">Widow cleansing</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
Disfigurement</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="Acid_attack" title="Acid attack">Acid attack</a></li>
<li><a href="Breast_ironing" title="Breast ironing">Breast ironing</a></li>
<li><a href="Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a>
<ul><li><a href="Gishiri_cutting" title="Gishiri cutting">Gishiri cutting</a></li>
<li><a href="Infibulation" title="Infibulation">Infibulation</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Foot_binding" title="Foot binding">Foot binding</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
Other issues</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">Gaslighting</a></li>
<li><a href="Dating_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Dating abuse">Dating abuse</a></li>
<li><a href="Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a>
<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_domestic_violence" title="Outline of domestic violence">outline</a></li>
<li><a href="Management_of_domestic_violence" title="Management of domestic violence">management</a></li>
<li><a href="Domestic_violence_and_pregnancy" title="Domestic violence and pregnancy">and pregnancy</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="Droit_du_seigneur" title="Droit du seigneur">Droit du seigneur</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Eve_teasing" title="Eve teasing">Eve teasing</a></li>
<li><a href="Forced_abortion" title="Forced abortion">Forced abortion</a></li>
<li><a href="Leblouh" title="Leblouh">Force-feeding</a></li>
<li><a href="Forced_marriage" title="Forced marriage">Forced marriage</a></li>
<li><a href="Forced_pregnancy" title="Forced pregnancy">Forced pregnancy</a></li>
<li><a href="Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Forced sterilisation</a></li>
<li><a href="Intimate_partner_violence" title="Intimate partner violence">Intimate partner violence</a></li>
<li><a href="Bride_kidnapping" title="Bride kidnapping">Marriage by abduction</a></li>
<li><a href="Marry-your-rapist_law" title="Marry-your-rapist law">Marry-your-rapist law</a></li>
<li><a href="Online_gender-based_violence" title="Online gender-based violence">Online gender-based violence</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Raptio" title="Raptio">Raptio</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Sexual_bullying" title="Sexual bullying">Sexual bullying</a></li>
<li><a href="Toxic_masculinity" title="Toxic masculinity">Toxic masculinity</a></li>
<li><a href="Witch_trials_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Witch trials in the early modern period">Witch trials</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
<a href="International_framework_of_sexual_violence" title="International framework of sexual violence">International legal framework</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="Declaration_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_Against_Women" title="Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women">DEDAW</a></li>
<li><a href="Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Discrimination_Against_Women" title="Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women">CEDAW</a></li>
<li><a href="Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Action" title="Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action">VDPA</a></li>
<li><a href="Declaration_on_the_Elimination_of_Violence_Against_Women" title="Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women">DEVAW</a></li>
<li><a href="Bel%C3%A9m_do_Par%C3%A1_Convention" title="Belém do Pará Convention">Belém do Pará</a></li>
<li><a href="Convention_on_preventing_and_combating_violence_against_women_and_domestic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence">Istanbul</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="Prosecution_of_gender-targeted_crimes" title="Prosecution of gender-targeted crimes">Prosecution of gender-targeted crimes</a></li>
<li><a href="Women's_shelter" title="Women's shelter">Women's shelter</a></li>
<li><a href="International_Day_for_the_Elimination_of_Violence_against_Women" title="International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women">25 November</a></li>
<li><a href="International_Day_of_Zero_Tolerance_for_Female_Genital_Mutilation" title="International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation">6 February</a></li>
<li>By country</li>
<li><a href="Sex_and_the_law" title="Sex and the law">Sex and the law</a></li>
<li><a href="Victimology" title="Victimology">Victimology</a></li>
<li><a href="Violence_against_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence against LGBT people">Violence against LGBT people</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa</b>, better known as the <b>Maputo Protocol</b>, is an <a href="International_human_rights_instrument" class="mw-redirect" title="International human rights instrument">international human rights instrument</a> established by the <a href="African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> that went into effect in 2005. It guarantees comprehensive <a href="Women's_rights" title="Women's rights">rights to women</a> including the right to take part in the political process, to social and political <a href="Sexual_equality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual equality">equality</a> with men, improved autonomy in their <a href="Reproductive_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproductive health">reproductive health</a> decisions, and an end to <a href="Female_genital_cutting" class="mw-redirect" title="Female genital cutting">female genital mutilation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was adopted by the African Union in <a href="Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>, <a href="Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, in 2003 in the form of a protocol to the <a href="African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples'_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> (adopted in 1981, enacted in 1986).
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3></div>
<p>Following on from recognition that women's rights were often marginalised in the context of human rights, a meeting organised by <a href="Women_in_Law_and_Development_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Law and Development in Africa">Women in Law and Development in Africa</a> (WiLDAF) in March 1995, in <a href="Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a>, Togo, called for the development of a specific protocol to the <a href="African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples'_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and People's Rights</a> to address the rights of women. The OAU assembly mandated the <a href="African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples'_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> (ACHPR) to develop such a protocol at its 31st Ordinary Session in June 1995, in <a href="Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wandia_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wandia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>A first draft produced by an expert group of members of the ACHPR, representatives of African NGOs and international observers, organised by the ACHPR in collaboration with the <a href="International_Commission_of_Jurists" title="International Commission of Jurists">International Commission of Jurists</a>, was submitted to the ACHPR at its 22nd Session in October 1997, and circulated for comments to other NGOs.<sup id="cite_ref-wandia_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wandia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revision in co-operation with involved NGOs took place at different sessions from October to January, and in April 1998, the 23rd session of the ACHPR endorsed the appointment of Julienne Ondziel Gnelenga, a Congolese lawyer, as the first <a href="Special_Rapporteur_on_Women's_Rights_in_Africa" title="Special Rapporteur on Women's Rights in Africa">Special Rapporteur on Women's Rights in Africa</a>, mandating her to work towards the adoption of the draft protocol on women's rights.<sup id="cite_ref-wandia_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wandia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The OAU Secretariat received the completed draft in 1999, and in 2000 at <a href="Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> it was merged with the Draft Convention on Traditional Practices in a joint session of the <a href="Inter-African_Committee_on_Traditional_Practices_Affecting_the_Health_of_Women_and_Children" title="Inter-African Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children">Inter African Committee</a> and the ACHPR.<sup id="cite_ref-wandia_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wandia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After further work at experts meetings and conferences during 2001, the process stalled and the protocol was not presented at the inaugural summit of the AU in 2002.
</p><p>In early 2003, <a href="Equality_Now" title="Equality Now">Equality Now</a> hosted a conference of women's groups, to organise a campaign to lobby the <a href="African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> to adopt the protocol, and the protocol's text was brought up to international standards. The lobbying was successful, the African Union resumed the process and the finished document was officially adopted by the section summit of the African Union, on 11 July 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-wandia_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wandia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reservations">Reservations</h3></div>
<p>At the Maputo Summit, several countries expressed reservations. Tunisia, Sudan, Kenya, Namibia and South Africa recorded reservations about some of the marriage clauses. Egypt, Libya, Sudan, South Africa and Zambia had reservations about "judicial separation, divorce and annulment of marriage". Burundi, Senegal, Sudan, Rwanda and Libya held reservations with Article 14, relating to the "<a href="Right_to_health" title="Right to health">right to health</a> and control of reproduction". Libya expressed reservations about a point relating to conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-PANA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PANA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratification_process">Ratification process</h3></div>
<p>The protocol was adopted by the <a href="African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> on 11 July 2003 at its second summit in <a href="Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>, Mozambique.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 November 2005, having been ratified by the required 15 member nations of the African Union, the protocol entered into force.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>As of September 2023, out of the 55 member countries in the African Union, 49 have signed the protocol and 44 have ratified and deposited the protocol. The AU states that have neither signed nor ratified the Protocol yet are Botswana, Egypt, and Morocco. The states that have signed but not yet ratified are Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, Eritrea, Madagascar, Niger, Somalia, and Sudan.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles">Articles</h2></div>
<p>The main articles are:
</p>
<ul><li>Article 2: Elimination of Discrimination Against Women</li>
<li>Article 3: Right to Dignity</li>
<li>Article 4: The Rights to Life, Integrity and Security of the Person</li>
<li>Article 5: Elimination of Harmful Practices
<ul><li>This refers to <a href="Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">female genital mutilation</a> and other traditional practices that are harmful to women.</li></ul></li>
<li>Article 6: Marriage</li>
<li>Article 7: Separation, Divorce and Annulment of Marriage</li>
<li>Article 8: Access to Justice and Equal Protection before the Law</li>
<li>Article 9: Right to Participation in the Political and Decision-Making Process</li>
<li>Article 10: Right to Peace</li>
<li>Article 11: Protection of Women in Armed Conflicts</li>
<li>Article 12: Right to Education and Training</li>
<li>Article 13: Economic and Social Welfare Rights</li>
<li>Article 14: Health and <a href="Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive Rights</a></li>
<li>Article 15: Right to <a href="Food_security" title="Food security">Food Security</a></li>
<li>Article 16: Right to Adequate Housing</li>
<li>Article 17: Right to Positive Cultural Context</li>
<li>Article 18: Right to a Healthy and Sustainable Environment</li>
<li>Article 19: Right to <a href="Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable Development</a></li>
<li>Article 20: Widows' Rights</li>
<li>Article 21: Right to Inheritance</li>
<li>Article 22: Special Protection of Elderly Women</li>
<li>Article 23: Special Protection of Women with Disabilities</li>
<li>Article 24: Special Protection of Women in Distress</li>
<li>Article 25: Remedies</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposition">Opposition</h2></div>
<p>There are two particularly contentious factors driving opposition to the Protocol: its article on reproductive health, which is opposed mainly by Catholics and other Christians, and its articles on female genital mutilation, polygamous marriage and other traditional practices, which are opposed mainly by <a href="Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_opposition">Christian opposition</h3></div>
<p><a href="Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> described the reproductive rights granted to women in the Protocol in 2007 as "an attempt to trivialize abortion surreptitiously".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Roman Catholic bishops of Africa oppose the Maputo Protocol because it defines abortion as a human right. The US-based <a href="Anti-abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-abortion">anti-abortion</a> organisation, <a href="Human_Life_International" title="Human Life International">Human Life International</a>, describes it as "a Trojan horse for a radical agenda".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In Uganda, the powerful Joint Christian Council opposed efforts to ratify the treaty on the grounds that Article 14, in guaranteeing abortion "in cases of sexual assault, rape, incest, and where the continued pregnancy endangers the mental and physical health of the mother or the life of the mother or the foetus," is incompatible with traditional Christian morality.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an open letter to the government and people of Uganda in January 2006, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Uganda set out their opposition to the ratification of the Maputo Protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was nevertheless ratified on 22 July 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muslim_opposition">Muslim opposition</h3></div>
<p>In Niger, the Parliament voted 42 to 31, with 4 abstentions, against ratifying it in June 2006; in this Muslim-majority country, several traditions banned or deprecated by the Protocol are common.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nigerien Muslim women's groups in 2009 gathered in Niamey to protest what they called "the satanic Maputo protocols", specifying limits to marriage age of girls and abortion as objectionable.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In Djibouti, however, the Protocol was ratified in February 2005 after a subregional conference on female genital mutilation called by the Djibouti government and <a href="No_Peace_Without_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="No Peace Without Justice">No Peace Without Justice</a>, at which the Djibouti Declaration on female genital mutilation was adopted. The document declares that the Koran does not support female genital mutilation, and on the contrary practising genital mutilation on women goes against the precepts of Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Black_women" title="Black women">Black women</a></li>
<li><a href="Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive rights</a></li>
<li><a href="Women's_rights" title="Women's rights">Women's rights</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spain (<a href="Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> and <a href="Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a>), France (<a href="Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> and <a href="R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>), Portugal (<a href="Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>) and the United Kingdom (<a href="Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-PANA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PANA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>AU Executive Council endorses protocol on women's rights</i>, Panafrican News Agency (PANA) Daily Newswire, 7 September 2003</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-fgm-maputoprotocol.pdf">The Maputo Protocol of the African Union</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120415144600/http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-fgm-maputoprotocol.pdf">Archived</a> 15 April 2012 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, brochure produced by <a href="Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Technische_Zusammenarbeit" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit">GTZ</a> for the German <a href="Federal_Ministry_of_Economic_Cooperation_and_Development_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (Germany)">Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-wandia-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wandia_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wandia_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wandia_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wandia_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wandia_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pambazuka.org/en/publications/africanvoices_chap04.pdf">Rights of Women in Africa: Launch of a Petition to the African Union</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012215342/http://www.pambazuka.org/en/publications/africanvoices_chap04.pdf">Archived</a> 12 October 2008 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Mary Wandia, <a href="Pambazuka_News" title="Pambazuka News">Pambazuka News</a> 162; 24 June 2004, republished in "African Voices on Development and Social Justice <i>Editorial from Pambazuka News 2004</i>" by Firoze Manji (Ed.) and Patrick Burnett (Ed.), Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, Tanzania, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-9987-417-35-3</bdi></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0307/S00279.htm">African Union: Rights of Women Protocol Adopted</a>, press release, <a href="Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, 22 July 2003</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0602/S00099.htm">UNICEF: toward ending female genital mutilation</a>, press release, <a href="United_Nations_Children's_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Children's Fund">UNICEF</a>, 7 February 2006</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/37077-sl-PROTOCOL_TO_THE_AFRICAN_CHARTER_ON_HUMAN_AND_PEOPLES_RIGHTS_ON_THE_RIGHTS_OF_WOMEN_IN_AFRICA.pdf">"List of Countries Which Have Signed, Ratified/Acceded to the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People's Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></i>. 19 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20070109185435/http%3A//www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0700125.htm">Pope to diplomats: Respect for rights, desires is only path to peace</a>, 8 January 2007, <a href="Catholic_News_Service" title="Catholic News Service">Catholic News Service</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120909183451/http://www.oecumene.radiovaticana.org/en1/Articolo.asp?c=191776">Marking The International Day of Women</a>, 8 March 2008, <a href="Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/3619">Rights Treaty in Uganda Snags on 'African Values'</a>, <i><a href="Women's_eNews" title="Women's eNews">Women's eNews</a></i>, 2 June 2008</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/BISHOPS/letterbpsuganda.htm">Open Letter to the Government and People of Uganda</a> <i>Concerning the Ratification of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human Rights and Peoples' Right: On the Rights of Women in Africa</i>, Catholic Bishops' Conference of Uganda, document hosted at <a href="Eternal_Word_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Eternal Word Television Network">Eternal Word Television Network</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africa4womensrights.org/post/2010/08/02/Uganda-becomes-the-28th-State-Party-to-the-Maputo-Protocol%5B%5D">"Gandi Blogs"</a>. <i>africa4womensrights.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=86&art_id=qw1149543182315B216">Niger MPs reject protocol on women's rights</a>, <a href="Independent_Online_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Online (South Africa)">Independent Online</a>, 6 June 2006</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tamtaminfo.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1373:journee-nationale-de-la-femme-nigerienne-les-femmes-musulmanes-sopposent-aux-textes-sataniques-relatifs-a-la-femme&catid=49:societe&Itemid=96">JOURNÉE NATIONALE DE LA FEMME NIGÉRIENNE: Les femmes musulmanes s’opposent aux ‘’textes sataniques’’ relatifs à la femme</a>. Mamane Abdou, <i>Roue de l’Histoire</i> (Niamey) n° 456. 14 May 2009.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wadinet.de/projekte/frauen/fgm/attach2.htm">Djibouti ratifies the Maputo Protocol against the practice. Conference in Djibouti affirms Koran says nothing about it</a>, WADI</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=53109">DJIBOUTI: Anti-FGM protocol ratified but huge challenges remain</a>, 14 December 2008, <a href="The_New_Humanitarian" title="The New Humanitarian">IRIN</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npwj.org/No+Peace+Without+Justice/Female+Genital+Mutilation/History/Djibouti+2005/Second+Thematic+Session+-+Third+Report">Second Thematic Session Third Report – Le Protocole de Maputo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517111417/http://www.npwj.org/No+Peace+Without+Justice/Female+Genital+Mutilation/History/Djibouti+2005/Second+Thematic+Session+-+Third+Report">Archived</a> 17 May 2008 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, French, recording announcement of the Djibouti government's imminent intention to ratify the Maputo Protocol, <a href="No_Peace_Without_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="No Peace Without Justice">No Peace Without Justice</a>, 2 February 2005</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1290876196">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .infobox .side-box{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div class="side-box side-box-right sistersitebox">
<div class="side-box-flex">
<div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="side-box-text plainlist">English <a href="Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article:
<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:en:Maputo_Protocol" class="extiw external" title="s:en:en:Maputo Protocol">Maputo Protocol</a></b></div></div></div>
</div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220901060132/https://au.int/en/treaties/">Treaties and protocols of the African Union</a> – African Union official website</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305104044/http://stopfgmc.org/client/final_category.aspx?root=389">The Maputo Protocol in the news</a>, stopfgmc.org, the website of the International Campaign for the Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.achpr.org/legalinstruments/detail?id=45">Page on the protocol</a> at the official ACHPR website.</li>
<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121204150035/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/Text/Protocol%20on%20the%20Rights%20of%20Women.pdf">"Maputo Protocol text"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/Text/Protocol%20on%20the%20Rights%20of%20Women.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_human_rights_instruments205" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="International_human_rights_instruments205" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="International_human_rights_instruments" title="International human rights instruments">International human rights instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#eeeeff; font-weight:normal;"><div id="Declarations,_manifestos,_and_resolutions205" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b>Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions</b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Brazilian_Resolution" title="Brazilian Resolution">Brazilian Resolution</a></li>
<li><a href="Regional_Council_on_Human_Rights_in_Asia" title="Regional Council on Human Rights in Asia">Declaration of the Basic Duties of ASEAN Peoples and Governments</a></li>
<li><a href="Declaration_on_the_Granting_of_Independence_to_Colonial_Countries_and_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples">Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples</a></li>
<li><a href="Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> (UDHR)</li>
<li><a href="Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a></li>
<li><a href="Declaration_of_Montreal" title="Declaration of Montreal">Declaration of Montreal</a></li>
<li><a href="Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Declaration of the Rights of the Child">Declaration of the Rights of the Child</a></li>
<li><a href="Declaration_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_Against_Women" title="Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women">Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women</a> (DEDAW)</li>
<li><a href="Declaration_on_the_Elimination_of_Violence_Against_Women" title="Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women">Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women</a> (DEVAW)</li>
<li><a href="Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a> (UNDRIP)</li>
<li><a href="LGBTQI%2B_rights_at_the_United_Nations" title="LGBTQI+ rights at the United Nations">Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity</a></li>
<li><a href="American_Declaration_of_the_Rights_and_Duties_of_Man" title="American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man">American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man</a></li>
<li><a href="Paris_Principles_(human_rights_standards)" title="Paris Principles (human rights standards)">Paris Principles</a></li>
<li><a href="Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Action" title="Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action">Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action</a> (VDPA)</li>
<li><a href="Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a></li>
<li><a href="United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Declaration on the Rights of Peasants</a> (UNDROP)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#eeeeff; font-weight:normal;"><div id="International_law205" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b><a href="International_human_rights_law" title="International human rights law">International law</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Declaration_on_the_Granting_of_Independence_to_Colonial_Countries_and_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples</a></li>
<li><a href="United_Nations_Convention_against_Torture" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Convention against Torture">Convention against Torture</a></li>
<li><a href="Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Discrimination_Against_Women" title="Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women">Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)</a></li>
<li><a href="International_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination" title="International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination">Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination</a></li>
<li><a href="Convention_on_the_Political_Rights_of_Women" title="Convention on the Political Rights of Women">Convention on the Political Rights of Women</a></li>
<li><a href="Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilities" title="Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities">Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities</a></li>
<li><a href="Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a></li>
<li><a href="Convention_on_the_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_All_Migrant_Workers_and_Members_of_Their_Families" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families">Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families</a></li>
<li><a href="Apartheid_Convention" title="Apartheid Convention">International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid</a></li>
<li><a href="International_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_All_Persons_from_Enforced_Disappearance" title="International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance">International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance</a></li>
<li><a href="Indigenous_and_Tribal_Peoples_Convention%2C_1989" title="Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989">Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989</a></li>
<li><a href="International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a></li>
<li><a href="International_Covenant_on_Economic%2C_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#eeeeff; font-weight:normal;"><div id="Regional_law205" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b>Regional law</b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples'_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a>
<ul></ul></li>
<li>European
<ul><li><a href="European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)</a></li>
<li><a href="European_Convention_for_the_Prevention_of_Torture_and_Inhuman_or_Degrading_Treatment_or_Punishment" title="European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment">Convention for the Prevention of Torture</a></li>
<li><a href="European_Convention_on_Nationality" title="European Convention on Nationality">Convention on Nationality</a></li>
<li><a href="Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_National_Minorities" title="Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities">Convention for the Protection of National Minorities</a></li>
<li><a href="European_Social_Charter" title="European Social Charter">Social Charter</a></li>
<li><a href="Convention_on_preventing_and_combating_violence_against_women_and_domestic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence">Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="American_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="American Convention on Human Rights">American Convention on Human Rights</a></li>
<li>Inter-American Convention
<ul><li><a href="Inter-American_Convention_to_Prevent_and_Punish_Torture" title="Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture">to Prevent and Punish Torture</a></li>
<li><a href="Inter-American_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_all_Forms_of_Discrimination_Against_Persons_with_Disabilities" title="Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities">on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities</a></li>
<li><a href="Bel%C3%A9m_do_Par%C3%A1_Convention" title="Belém do Pará Convention">on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#eeeeff; font-weight:normal;"><div id="International_humanitarian_law205" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b><a href="International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">International humanitarian law</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a></li>
<li><a href="Convention_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" title="Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees">Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees</a></li>
<li><a href="Protocol_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" title="Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees">Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees</a></li>
<li><a href="Convention_on_the_Reduction_of_Statelessness" title="Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness">Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness</a></li>
<li><a href="Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a></li>
<li><a href="Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions</a></li>
<li><a href="Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3924288#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata501" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3924288#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata501" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/180505807">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2007034958">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-12-31" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Maputo_Protocol&oldid=1266315534">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body></html>